Algonkin - Yurok Dilleri / Algıc Languages

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Ümüt Çınar

ALGONKİN - YUROK DİLLERİ

ALGIC
LANGUAGES

by
Ümüt Çınar

Na - Dene dili Navahocadan sonra Kuzey Amerika'da konuşanı en fazla olan ikinci (Kri) ve üçüncü (Oçipva) diller bu grupta yer alır.

Manitu / Manitou (< manidoo "spirit"), totem (< doodem "clan"), opossum (< aposoum "white beast"), rakun / raccoon, caribou, mokasen / moccasin, tomahawk, Eskimo, Mississippi (< mizizibi "large water"), Miami, Illinois, Massachusetts, Ottawa, Quebec, Atabask (Athabasca) gölü gibi adlar Algonkin dillerinden geçme alıntılardır..

< http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Algic_langs.png

1. Algonkin - Yurok dilleri
1.1. Viyotça
1.2. Yurokça
1.3. Algonkin dilleri
1.3.1. Ova Algonkin dilleri
1.3.1.1. Karaayakça
1.3.1.2. Şayence
1.3.1.3. Arapahoca
1.3.1.4. Atsinaca
1.3.1.5. Güney Arapahocası
1.3.2. Merkezi Algonkin dilleri
1.3.2.1. Kri - İnnu dilleri
1.3.2.1.1. Ova Kricesi
1.3.2.1.1.1. Maskvaçis Kricesi
1.3.2.1.2. Orman Kricesi
1.3.2.1.3. Bataklık Kricesi
1.3.2.1.4. İlili Kricesi
1.3.2.1.5. Atikamekçe
1.3.2.1.6. Kuzey Doğu Kricesi
1.3.2.1.7. Güney Doğu Kricesi
1.3.2.1.8. Naskapice
1.3.2.1.4. İnnuca
1.3.2.2. Menominice
1.3.2.3. Oçipva dilleri
1.3.2.3.1.
1.3.2.3.2.
1.3.2.3.3.
1.3.2.3.4.
1.3.2.3.5.
1.3.2.3.6.
1.3.2.3.7.
1.3.2.3.8.
1.3.2.3.9.

1. Algic languages
1.1. Wiyot
1.2. Yurok
1.3. Algonquian languages
1.3.1. Plains Algonquian languages
1.3.1.1. Blackfoot
1.3.1.2. Cheyenne
1.3.1.3. Arapaho (Northern Arapaho)
1.3.1.4. Atsina (Gros Ventre)
1.3.1.5. Southern Arapaho (Nawathinehena)
1.3.2. Central Algonquian languages
1.3.2.1. Cree - Innu languages
1.3.2.1.1. Plains Cree
1.3.2.1.1.1. Maskwacis Cree
1.3.2.1.2. Woods Cree, Woodland Cree
1.3.2.1.3. Swampy Cree
1.3.2.1.4. Moose Cree
1.3.2.1.5. Atikamekw
1.3.2.1.6. Northern East Cree
1.3.2.1.7. Southern East Cree
1.3.2.1.8. Naskapi
1.3.2.1.4. Innu (Montagnais)
1.3.2.2. Menomini
1.3.2.3. Ojibwayan languages
1.3.2.3.1.
1.3.2.3.2.
1.3.2.3.3.
1.3.2.3.4.
1.3.2.3.5.
1.3.2.3.6.
1.3.2.3.7.
1.3.2.3.8.
1.3.2.3.9.

	aql	Algonkin - Yurok Dilleri ve Halkları	Algic or Algonquian (Algonkian) - Ritwan Languages and Peoples
1. & 2.			RITWAN LANGUAGES, Yurok - Wiyot sub-branch, California Algic languages
1.		VİYOT DİLLERİ	WIYOT LANGUAGES
1.1.	wiy	Viyotça Soulátluk'	Wiyot, Weott, Wishosk Kaliforniya'da Humboldt Bay'da yaşarlar. Son konuşanı Della Prince'in 1962 yılında ölmesiyle dil de yok olmuştur. http://www.wiyot.com/language
2.		YUROK DİLLERİ	YUROK LANGUAGES
2.1.	yur	Yurokça	Yurok Kuzeybatı Kaliforniya'da Del Norte County ve Humboldt County'de yaşarlar. Konuşanı 12 kişidir. http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~yurok/index.php
3.	alg	ALGONKİN DİLLERİ	ALGONQUIAN (Algonkian, Algonkin) LANGUAGES, Algonkin - Lenape
3.1.		OVA ALGONKİN DİLLERİ	PLAINS ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGES
3.1.1.	bla	Karaayakça	Blackfoot, Blackfeet (pl)
3.1.1.1.		Kainai, Kainawa	Blood Kanada'da
3.1.1.2.		Aamsskáápipikani	South Piikani, Southern Peigan, Pikuni, Amskapi Pikuni Montana'da
3.1.1.3.		Aapátohsipikani	North Piikani, Northern Peigan Kanada'da
3.1.1.4.		Siksiká	Blackfoot proper Kanada'da
3.1.2.	chy	Şayence Tsétsêhéstaestse (sg) Tsétsêhéstâhese (pl) Tsêhésenêstsestôtse (dil)	Cheyenne, Cheyenne Nation
3.1.2.1.		Kuzey Şayenleri Notameohmésêhese, Ohmésêhese Tsétsêhéstaestse (sg) Tsétsêhéstâhese (pl) Tsêhésenêstsestôtse (dil)	Northern Cheyenne, Tsitsistas (pl) Tsisinstsistots (dil) Günümüzde, güneydoğu Montana'da Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation adlı toplama alanında yaşarlar.
3.1.2.2.		Güney Şayenleri Heévâhetaneo'o, Só'taeo'o / Só'taa'e	Southern Cheyenne, Sutai or Sutaio Günümüzde, batı Oklahoma'da Güney Arapahoları ile birlikte Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes adı altında idari birlik oluştururlar. http://www.c-a-tribes.org/
3.1.3.		Arapaho dilleri	Arapahoan languages, Arapaho - Atsina, Arapaho - Atsina - Nawathinehena
3.1.3.1.		Arapaho - Atsina dilleri	Arapaho - Atsina, Arapaho - Gros Ventre
3.1.3.1.1.	arp	Arapahoca ya da Kuzey Arapahocası ve Arapahoları Hinono'ei (sg) Hinono'eino' (pl) Hinóno'eitíít (dil) Bo'oociinen (sg) / Bo'oociinenno' (pl) (Güneylilere göre)	Arapaho, Northern Arapaho, Arapahoe, Arrapahoe, Arapaho proper, Inuna-Ina Günümüzde, merkezî Wyoming'de Wind River Reservation adlı toplama alanında Şoşonlarla birlikte yaşarlar. http://www.colorado.edu/csilw/newarapproj2.htm
3.1.3.1.1.1.			Besawunena, Staetan band
3.1.3.1.2.	ats	Atsinaca A'ani	Gros Ventre, Atsina, Ananin, Ahahnelin, Ahe
3.1.3.2.	nwa	Güney Arapahocası ve Arapahoları Noowunen (sg) / Noowunenno' (pl) (Kuzeylilere göre)	Southern Arapaho, Nawathinehena Batı Oklahoma'da Güney Şayenleri ile birlikte Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes adı altında idari birlik oluştururlar. http://www.c-a-tribes.org/
3.2.		MERKEZİ ALGONKİN DİLLERİ	CENTRAL ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGES
3.2.1.		Kri - İnnu dilleri	Cree - Innu languages, Cree - Montagnais, Cree - Montagnais - Naskapi
3.2.1.1.		Kri dilleri	Cree languages
3.2.1.1.1.		Batı Kri dilleri	Western Cree
3.2.1.1.1.1.	crk (eski: crp)	Ova Kricesi	Plains Cree, “y” dialect
3.2.1.1.1.1.1.		Nēhiyawēwin ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ Paskwâw Nêhiyawêwin Paskwâwinîmowin ᐸᐢᑳᐧᐃᐧᓃᒧᐃᐧᐣ	Southern Plains Cree, Prairie/Plains Cree
3.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.			Saskatchewan Plains Cree
3.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.		Maskvaçis Kricesi ᒪᐢᑿᒋᐢ ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ	Maskwacis Plains Cree, Maskwacis Cree http://maskwaciscree.com/ The Four Bands : Samson Cree Nation - http://www.samsoncree.com Ermineskin Cree Nation - http://www.creegallery.com Louis Bull Tribe - http://www.louisbulltribe.ca Montana Cree Nation - http://www.montanafirstnation.com
3.2.1.1.1.1.2.		Nēhiyawēmowin ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᒧᐏᐣ Sakâw Nêhiyawêwin	Northern Plains Cree, Bush Cree
3.2.1.1.1.2.	cwd	Orman Kricesi Nīhithawīwin ᓀᐦᐃᖬᐍᐏᐣ	.Woodlands Cree, Woods Cree, Northern Cree, “th” dialect
3.2.1.1.1.2.1.		Asinīskāwiyiniwak	Rocky Cree
3.2.1.1.1.2.2.		Sakāwithiniwak	Woods Cree
3.2.1.1.2.		Merkezî Krice	Central Cree, York cree, West Shore Cree, West Main Cree
3.2.1.1.2.1.	csw	Bataklık Kricesi Maškēkowak / nēhinawak Nēhinawēwin ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ	Swampy Cree, “n” dialect
3.2.1.1.2.1.1.		ᐃᓂᓃᒧᐏᐣ (Ininīmowin)	Western Swampy Cree, West Swampy Cree
3.2.1.1.2.1.2.		ᐃᓂᓂᐎ ᐃᔑᑭᔗᐎᐣ (Ininiwi-Išikišwēwin)	Eastern Swampy Cree, East Swampy Cree, Swampy Cree
3.2.1.1.2.2.	crm	İlili Kricesi Mōsonī / ililī ᐃᓕᓖᒧᐎᓐ (Ililīmowin)	Moose Cree, “l” dialect : Moose Cree First Nation
3.2.1.1.3.	atj	Atikamekçe Nehiraw Nehirâmowin	Atikamekw, Atikamekw Cree, Atikamek, “r” dialect : Obedjiwan, Manawan, Wemontaci
3.2.1.2.		İnnu - Doğu Kri dilleri	Montagnais - Naskapi
3.2.1.2.1.		Doğu Kri dilleri	East Cree, James Bay Cree
3.2.1.2.1.1.	crl	Kuzey Doğu Kricesi ᐄᔨᔫ ᐊᔨᒨᓐ (Īyiyū Ayimūn)	Northern East Cree, Northern James Bay Cree, Coastal East Cree, Coastal Eastern Cree, East Coastal Cree, Eastern Coastal Cree, Coastal Cree : Cree Nation of Chisasibi, Cree Nation of Wemindji, Cree Nation of Whapmagoostui, Eastmain First Nation (also Southern James Bay Cree)
3.2.1.2.1.1.1.		ᐃᔨᔨᐅᔨᒧᐧᐃᓐ	James Bay Cree (sensu stricto) : Wemindji, Waskaganish, Eastmain, Chisasibi
3.2.1.2.1.1.2.		ᐃᔨᔨᐅᔨᒧᐧᐃᓐ	Great Whale Cree : Whapmagoostui
3.2.1.2.1.2.	crj (eski: cre)	Güney Doğu Kricesi ᐄᓅ ᐊᔨᒨᓐ (Īnū Ayimūn) ᐄᓅᐊᔨᒧᐧᐃᓐ	Southern East Cree, Southern James Bay Cree, Inland East Cree, Inland Eastern Cree, East Inland Cree, Eastern Inland Cree, Inland Cree, Lac Mistassini Cree : Eastmain First Nation (also Northern James Bay Cree), Cree Nation of Mistissini, Cree Nation of Nemaska, Oujé-Bougoumou First Nation, The Crees of the Waskaganish First Nation, Waswanipi Cree First Nation
3.2.1.2.2.		İnnu - Naskapi dilleri	Montagnais - Naskapi, Naskapi - Montagnais, Innu
3.2.1.2.2.1.	nsk	Naskapice ᓇᔅᑲᐱ naskapi (ırk) ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ iyow iyimoon (dil)	Naskapi, Nascapi, Naskapee, Nascapee, Naskapi Innu
3.2.1.2.2.1.1.		Waskahikan Innu (ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ)	Western Naskapi, Fort Chimo Naskapi : Kawawachikamach
3.2.1.2.2.1.2.		Mushuau Innu, Mushuau-aimun	Eastern Naskapi, Davis Inlet Naskapi, Innu : Natuashish
3.2.1.2.2.2.	moe	İnnuca	Montagnais, Innu, Nehirawewin
3.2.1.2.2.2.1.		Batı İnnucası Nehilawewin (Piyekwâkamî d.) Leluwewn (Betsiamites dialect)	Western Montagnais
3.2.1.2.2.2.1.1.		Pointe Bleue dialect (Nehlueun)	: Mashteuiatsh
3.2.1.2.2.2.1.2.		Betsiamites dialect (Ilnu Aimun, Leluwewn)	: Betsiamites, Essipit
3.2.1.2.2.2.2.		Doğu İnnucası Innu-aimûn	Eastern Montagnais
3.2.1.2.2.2.2.1.		Uashau Innu (Innu Aimun)	: Uashat-Maliotenam, Matimekosh, Sheshatshiu
3.2.1.2.2.2.2.2.		Lower North Shore (Innu Aiamûn)	: Mingan, Natashquan, Pakua-Shipi, La Romaine
3.2.2.	mez	Menominice Omāēqnomenew, Mamāceqtaw	Menomini, Menominee
3.2.3.			Eastern Great Lakes, Core Central
3.2.3.1.		Oçipva - Potavatomi dilleri Anishinaabemowin ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ (dil)	Ojibwe - Potawatomi, Ojibwa - Potawatomi - Ottawa, Ojibwayan languages, Ojibwan, Anishinaabe language or Anishinaabemowin
3.2.3.1.1.	oji	Oçipva dilleri Anishinaabemowin ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ (dil)	Ojibwayan languages, Ojibwan languages, Ojibwa (macrolanguage), Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippewa, Proto-Ojibwa
3.2.3.1.1.1.







3.2.3.1.2.	pot		Potawatomi
3.2.3.2.			Fox - Sauk - Kickapoo or Mesquakie - Sauk - Kickapoo
3.2.3.3.

Eski Sınıflandırma (Sapir 1929)

Algonquian - Wakashan (Algonkin - Wakashan, Algonkian - Mosan, Almosan) is a hypothetical language phylum composed of several established language families that was proposed by Edward Sapir in 1929 in the Encyclopædia Britannica.

I. Algic (Algonkin - Ritwan, Algonkian - Ritwan)

A. Algonquian (Algonkin)
B. Beothuk
C. Wiyot-Yurok (Ritwan)

II. Kutenai (Kootenay; a language isolate)

III. Mosan (Wakashan-Salish)

A. Wakashan (Kwakiutl - Nootka)
B. Chimakuan
C. Salishan

http://www.ncidc.org/bright/almanac_00-4-8.doc

Phylum: Macro-Algonkian (Macro-Algonquian, Algonquian - Gulf)

Branch 1: Algic, with three families: Yurok, Wiyot, Algonkian

Branch 2: Gulf, including the following families (all isolates): Natchez, Atakapa, Chitimacha, Tunica, Tonkawa, Muskogean

Greenberg 1987

I. Eskimo-Aleut

II. Na-Dene
a. Continental Nadene groups (like Sapir)
b. Haida

III. Amerind
1. Almosan-Kerosiouan
a. Almosan (Sapir's Algonkin-Wakashan)
b. Caddo
c. Iroquoian
d. Siouan-Yuchi
e. Keresan

2. Penutian
a. Penutian (like Sapir)
b. Gulf
c. Yukian
d. Zuni
e. Maya
f. Totonac

3. Hokan
a. Hokan-Coahuiltecan (like Sapir)
b. Guaicura
c. Maratino
d. Quinigua
e. Jicaque (in Honduras)
f. Yurumanguí (in Columbia)

4. Central Amerind
a. Kiowa-Tanoan
b. Uto-Aztecan
c. Otomanguean
d. Central American (other groups except Tlapanecan (=Hokan))

5. Chibcha-Paezan
a. Timucua
b. Central American and northern South American groups

6 - 11 Subgroups in South America